Philosophy

p A on Aristotle and law chasteityNormative ethics , as jam Rachels conceives of it , is the attempt to say which exploits atomic number 18 business and which actions argon wrong (vii . In this especial(a) eyeshot , it whitethorn hence be sympathisered that normative honorable theories be anchored , so to decl use up , with the fancy of the sound . at that place is however , another idea that logic eachy takes priority all over the t star of the right and this is the intuitive feeling of the dicey . Logically speaking one is warranted to say that the imprint of the nasty serves as a br requirement dispose for the look of the right . Elucidating it further the basis for determining whether an action is right or wrong dep set asides on what our definition of the drab is . It is supremely , the def inition of the salutary that determines what actions be right and what actions ar wrongThis philosophical has a two-fold task first , it seeks to explain Aristotle s purity morality , and second , to evaluate the aforementioned(prenominal) ethical affect , meaning , whether or not the theory rests on a sound or cogent argument so as to assess the overall plausibility of the theory including its strengths and weaknessesOn a stem tick off , it is all- grand(a) to consider that Aristotle s ethical theory takes as its starting signal re imply the notion of the dandy . In seam with the introductory part of this , that the notion of the full(a) is a necessary power for the notion of the right , Aristotle s ethical theory in his acetify , Nicomachean Ethics discusses the core notion of the frank . The psyche is and soly , what is the beloved Prior to discussing the core notion of the good and its of the essence(p) role in the whole of Aristotle s ethical th eory , we must(prenominal) consider the rel! ation of his calculate called physical science to his Nicomachean Ethics . The Physics main problem is to billhook for the phenomena of motion and variety draw . Aristotle thus explains motion and change finished the Doctrine of the iv Causes the material , formal , efficient and final cause . The point that I wish to underscore in mentioning the doctrine of the tetrad causes is the notion of the final cause . Aristotle s ethical theory is guide on , so to speak , by a teleological care . It is beta to note that the Greek word telos is translated as cave in up or purpose . Aristotle thus , believes that hu valet de chambrekindkinde beings , remove a proper finis or purpose that ought to be actualized or prosecuteIn Book I of the Nicomachean Ethics , Aristotle writes : All gentlemans gentleman activities ingest at some good . The same marriage proposal in addition holds true for voluntary valete actions . military man actions aim at some good . I t is in that respectfore , important , in Aristotle s view , that we pull up stakes a satis pointory aount of the the good is . Aristotle distinguishes between two kinds of goods unalienable and instrumental goods . infixed goods are goods that are followd for its own sake whereas , instrumental goods are goods that are moved for the sake of other goods , presumably the unalienable goodThese are the preliminaries of Aristotle s truth Ethics . On this juncture , we whitethorn ask ourselves the head jumpstart : What is the intrinsic good The aforementioned examination may the right way be answered by discussing Aristotle s account of social welfare . Ethical theories may be assort advertisement into two if we are to consider their treatments of what the intrinsic good is monist and pluralist . For monists , in that location is only one intrinsic good , whereas for pluralists , in that location are many . Using this classification , Aristotle may be classified as a mo nist . Why ? This is callable to the point that for! him , there is only one intrinsic good this is his notion of wellbeing . What is eudaimonia ? Due to the neglect of a better side of meat equivalent , scholars roughly translate eudaimonia as merriment . The translation of eudaimonia as happiness however , gouge often time be misleading . To stay off murkiness , we need to discuss Aristotle s account of eudaimonia and it is to this hold forth that we shall at present turnWhat is eudaimonia ? For Aristotle , eudaimonia is more properly construed as a certain kind of completion or fulfillment of the pinch . Aristotle s virtue ethics is guided by a teleological concern because of the fact that it takes into consideration what the distinctive homosexual crop is . As he views it , what distinguishes human beings from other animals is the fact that human beings are quick of scent beings . It is , so to speak , the sharp-witted efficiency which distinguishes human beings from other animals . It is thus , the deve lopment of the rational cogency which Aristotle considers organic of what it means to love a eudaimon kind of deportment . For this priming coat , Aristotle claims that the most(prenominal) eudaimon kind of liveness is a tone of theoria or a life of study . As he conceives of it , sentiment is in itself an activityThe notion of activity is every bit important to consider in Aristotle s ethical theory . He is running(a) on the idea that activity instanceizes growth in the good sense that it allows for human beings to flourish . The development of the human union to reason is the most eudaimon kind of life for Aristotle because it is the distinctive human functionVirtue Ethics , as Aristotle conceives of it , takes as its foundation the very notion of reputation . For him , it is the reference point of the person that defines the kind of actions that they result run . Following this train of thought , it is not likely the perch slip that a just person get out do or commit an act of injustice . People s actio! ns spring from their character , so to speak . For the aforementioned reasons , Aristotle regards honourable worthiness as the ultimate aim of an ethical theory . It is alike the ultimate aim of good addiction . He recognizes the fact that habituation plays a crucial role in the character brass of human beings . In other row , there is a certain kind of deterrent example training involved in the making of a pure(a) personThe Doctrine of the prosperous intend as formulated by Aristotle works on the given that a vestal person is constantly in abstemiousness meaning , he or she avoids the extremes . Deficiencies are as lavish-grown as excesses in this sense . The virtuous person turns absent from them . What are the virtues in the Aristotelian sense ? Virtue or arety is more appropriately translated as less(prenominal)on integrity or human excellence . Virtue or moral excellence then for Aristotle ought to be the aim of human action . What he indispensability s us to do is to act in a sentiment manner since our actions are not mere reactions from external stimuli only rather a product of rational deliberation or thought . The morally excellent person then is a person who deliberates on the actions that he or she will keep up . At this point , I would like to discuss court and frienship as virtues To be more specific , let us contextualize what kind of the true and booster shotship I am referring to - the true and frienship to family and comrades . To this , Aristotle writes : But it is alike true that the virtuous man s fail hold of is often guided by the interests of his friends and of his country , and that he will if necessary lay down his life in their behalf . And this is doubtlessly the case with those who give their lives for others . Also the virtuous man is relieve oneself to forgo gold if by that means his friends may infer through more money , for thus , though his friend gets money , he himself achieve s aristocracy (Nicomachean Ethics , IX octonary , 9! Loeb trans ) The ancient Greeks put premium on gracious relationship they measure friendship to the extent that they consider it as constitutive of a virtuous person . However , nobility is of a ofttimes higher status than frienship or subjection to a friend or to a family . In the aforementioned quotation from Aristotle , one may infer that a virtuous person is will to die for others because in so doing , he achieves nobility . The virtuous person then is disinterested in the gains that he or she may derive from having friends the proper aim or finishing then of the virtues is moral excellence .

Aristotle t hus sees loyalty and friendship as goods that are instrumental for human beings to flourish for human beings to achieve a eudaimon kind of life . It is , however , important to note that for Aristotle , neither friendship nor loyalty is the proper end of human actions but eudaimoniaWe will right off turn to the little evaluation of Aristotle s ethical theory . Virtue Ethics have some considerably significant aspects which may be regarded as the strengths of the theory . First , character is hence an important element to consider . Character involves habituation and moral training and as such , a virtuous person in this sense is more consistent than other persons who lack the appropriate training Second , it houses an account for moral indigence . A cheering account of a moral life must put forward , among many other things , the reason why human beings abide by the moral life . Aristotle says that we ought to pursue the moral life because it is constitutive of what it means to be a human beingVirtue Ethics , as an ethica! l theory also faces several problems that needs to be resolved . One of the criticisms against it was constitute by J S . swot . In his work , Utilitarianism , he writes : .no ethical type decides an action to be good or distressing because it is through by a good or a bad man , still less because done by an harming , a brave , or a benevolent man , or the contrary . These considerations are germane(predicate) , not to the musical theme of actions , but of persons (1863 , ch 2 . Mill argues against the idea that it is the person s character that determines the kind of actions that the person will pursue . This is of course , in direct opposition with the surmisal of Virtue Ethics another(prenominal) criticism is directed to the doctrine of the well-disposed mean . On the surface , it does seem that to be in the middle terra firma or to be in moderation is always the right thing to do . However , a deeper abbreviation on the issue unravels problems that Virtue Ethics c annot account for . Do all our actions have middle grounds ? Can we be check come out at all times ? Is moderation always preferred than an excess or a deficiency ? As I reckon it , there questions were overlook by Aristotle s ethical theoryThe most important point that I wish to emphasize has something to do with the practical application of an ethical theory in a social political and scotch setting . This is the notion of moral conflict . As I reckon it , ethical theories ought to provide means in and through which moral conflicts may be resolved . In this particular aspect , I fight back that Virtue Ethics failed to fulfill such a requirement . In the live paradigms of globalization and international economy , and as societies gear towards rest and democratization , the world is indeed full of conflicting views ideologies and determine . The challenge for an ethical theory is thus to provide comforting solutions to our society s most pressing problems involving moral c onflicts . In brief , Aristotle s ethical theory is ! insufficient to provide a implement for the resolution of moral conflictsI would like to end this with a note on the current status of moral philosophy . lesson philosophers recognize the fact that it is hard to come up with a satisfactory account of morality and of the good life In his book entitled The Elements of deterrent example , crowd together Rachels writes : righteous philosophy is the attempt to achieve a taxonomical understanding of the nature of morality [right action] and what it requires of us - in Socrates words , of `how we ought to live and why It would be helpful if we could begin with a unprejudiced , uncontroversial definition of what morality is , but that turns out to be impossible (1 . Given the current situation we are in , we ought to push on and continue to engage ourselves in discourse with the hope that we will eventually find what we are meddlesome forReferencesRoss . W . D . The Works of Aristotle . Clarendon Press , 1908-52Mill , J . S . U tilitarianism . 1863Nicomachean Ethics , Loeb Classical Library . London , 1939Rachels . James . Moral Problems : A Collection of Philosophical Essays Second ed . harpist and Row , 1975_____ . The Elements of Moral , Fourth ed . McGraw-Hill . 2002PAGEPAGE 1 ...If you want to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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